Android面试题10–IntentService与Service的区别

Service

Android中的Service是用于后台服务的，当应用程序被挂到后台的时候，问了保证应用某些组件仍然可以工作而引入了Service这个概念，那么这里面要强调的是Service不是独立的进程，也不是独立的线程，它是依赖于应用程序的主线程的，也就是说它不能直接处理耗时操作。如果直接把耗时操作放在 Service 的 onStartCommand() 中，很容易引起 ANR .如果有耗时操作就必须开启一个单独的线程来处理。

那么我们当我们编写的耗时逻辑，不得不被service来管理的时候，就需要引入IntentService，IntentService是继承Service的。

IntentService

IntentService 是继承于 Service 并处理异步请求的一个类，在 IntentService 内有一个工作线程来处理耗时操作，启动 IntentService 的方式和启动传统 Service 一样，同时，当任务执行完后，IntentService 会自动停止，而不需要我们去手动控制。另外，可以启动 IntentService 多次，而每一个耗时操作会以工作队列的方式在IntentService 的 onHandleIntent 回调方法中执行，并且，每次只会执行一个工作线程，执行完第一个再执行第二个，以此类推。

而且，所有请求都在一个单线程中，不会阻塞应用程序的主线程（UI Thread），同一时间只处理一个请求。 那么，用 IntentService 有什么好处呢？首先，我们省去了在 Service 中手动开线程的麻烦，第二，当操作完成时，我们不用手动停止 Service。

代码实现比较

Service中提供了一个方法：

 public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {  
     onStart(intent, startId);  
     return mStartCompatibility ? START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY : START_STICKY;  
 }  

这个方法的具体含义是，当你的需要这个service启动的时候，或者调用这个servcie的时候，那么这个方法首先是要被回调的。

同时IntentService中提供了这么一个方法：

protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);  

这是一个抽象方法，也就是说具体的实现需要被延伸到子类。

子类的声明：

public class ChargeService extends IntentService   

上面提到过IntentService是继承Service的，那么这个子类也肯定继承service，那么onHandleIntent()方法是什么时候被调用的呢？让我们具体看IntentService的内部实现：

package android.app;

import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;

/**
 * IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous
 * requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand.  Clients send requests
 * through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the
 * service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker
 * thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
 *
 * This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks
 * from an application's main thread.  The IntentService class exists to
 * simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics.  To use it, extend
 * IntentService and implement {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)}.  IntentService
 * will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as
 * appropriate.
 *
 * All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as
 * long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but
 * only one request will be processed at a time.
 *
 * @see android.os.AsyncTask
 */
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }

    /**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     * with your preferred semantics.
     *
     * If enabled is true,
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
     * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
     * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only
     * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
     *
     * If enabled is false (the default),
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
     * dies along with it.
     */
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

    /**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null.
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
    @Override
    @Nullable
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
     *               This may be null if the service is being restarted after
     *               its process has gone away; see
     *               {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand}
     *               for details.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
}

在这里我们可以清楚的看到其实IntentService在执行onCreate的方法的时候，其实开了一个线程HandlerThread,并获得了当前线程队列管理的looper，并且在onStart的时候，把消息置入了消息队列，

 @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
</>

在消息被handler接受并且回调的时候，执行了onHandlerIntent方法，该方法的实现是子类去做的。

结论：

IntentService是通过Handler looper message的方式实现了一个多线程的操作，同时耗时操作也可以被这个线程管理和执行，同时不会产生ANR的情况。